VSWR, kubwerera kutayika (RL), kuwonetsa mphamvu, ndi mphamvu zotumizira

Maubwenzi apakati pa Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), return loss (RL), mphamvu zowonetseredwa, ndi mphamvu zopatsirana zimalumikizidwa kudzera pa chiwonetsero cha coefficient (Γ). M'munsimu muli njira zofunika kwambiri zosinthira:

### **Core Formula**
1. **Kuwonetserako Coefficient (Γ)**:

\Gamma = \frac{\text{VSWR} - 1}{\text{VSWR} + 1}

2. **VSWR** kuchokera ku Γ:

\malemba{VSWR} = \frac{1 + |\Gamma|}{1 - |\Gamma|}

3. **Kubweza Kutayika (RL)** mu dB:

\zolemba{RL (dB)} = -20 \log_{10}(|\Gamma|)

4. **Kuwonetsa Mphamvu (%)**:

P_{\text{refl}} = |\Gamma|^2 \nthawi 100\%

5. **Mphamvu Yotumizira (%)**:

P_{\text{trans}} = \kumanzere(1 - |\Gamma|^2\kumanja) \nthawi 100\%

---

### **Masitepe otembenuka**
#### **1. Kuyambira ndi VSWR**:
- Werengani Γ:

\Gamma = \frac{\text{VSWR} - 1}{\text{VSWR} + 1}

- Gwiritsani ntchito Γ kuti mupeze RL, mphamvu yowonetsera, ndi mphamvu zotumizira pogwiritsa ntchito mafomu omwe ali pamwambapa.

#### **2. Kuyambira ndi Kubwerera Kutayika (RL mu dB)**:
- Werengani Γ:

|\Gamma| = 10^{-\mawu{RL}/20}

- Gwiritsani ntchito Γ kupeza VSWR, mphamvu zowonetsera, ndi mphamvu zotumizira.

#### **3. Kuyambira ndi Mphamvu Yowonekera/Yopatsirana**:
- Kwa **mphamvu yowonekera** (\(P_{\text{refl}}\)):

|\Gamma| = \sqrt{\frac{P_{\text{refl}}} {100}}

- Kwa **mphamvu yotumizira** (\(P_{\text{trans}}\)):

|\Gamma| = \sqrt{1 - \frac{P_{\text{trans}}} {100}}

- Gwiritsani ntchito Γ kuwerengera VSWR ndi RL.

---

### **Chitsanzo Table**
| | **VSWR** | **Kubwerera Kutaya (dB)** | **Kuwonetsa Mphamvu (%)** | **Mphamvu Zotumizira (%)** |
|----------|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------
| | 1.0 | ∞ (Masewera abwino) | 0% | 100% |
| | 1.5 | 14.0 dB | 4% | 96% |
| | 2.0 | 9.5db | 11.1% | 88.9% |
| | 3.0 | 6.0 dB | 25% | 75% |

---

### **Zolemba Zofunikira**
- A **VSWR ya 1:1** imatanthauza kusawonetsa (Γ = 0, RL = ∞).
- **VSWR yapamwamba** kapena **Lower RL** ikuwonetsa mphamvu zowoneka bwino.
- **mphamvu yotumizira ** imakulitsidwa pamene VSWR ≈ 1.

Gwiritsani ntchito mafomuwa kuti mutembenuzire pakati pa magawo ofananirako ndi machitidwe a RF.